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煤炭企業(yè)如何做好供應(yīng)鏈物流管理?
發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2023-01-11

關(guān)注供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)且粋€(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的系統(tǒng),它包括了從市場調(diào)研、生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃、原料采購、生產(chǎn)倉儲(chǔ),到銷售配送等等諸多環(huán)節(jié)之間的信息流、物流以及資金流等。這其中,物流貫穿了整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈體系,無論是采購物流、生產(chǎn)物流還是配送物流,其流暢、精準(zhǔn)、高效的運(yùn)作,對(duì)于整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈成本和效率來講,都起著十分重要的作用。
1.新市場環(huán)境下,新的運(yùn)輸要求
以大型煤炭企業(yè)為例,當(dāng)前的煤炭市場屬于供大于求的買方市場,這就使得用戶在煤炭采購的過程中具有較大的話語權(quán),可以通過采購招標(biāo)、比價(jià)采購等方式降低自身的成本,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)當(dāng)前較為常見的“零庫存”管理模式。
傳統(tǒng)的煤炭企業(yè)物流管理系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建,也必須順應(yīng)消費(fèi)者“零庫存”理念,做到通過最少的資金來儲(chǔ)備足夠的貨源,保證企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動(dòng)的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
在新的形勢下,煤炭企業(yè)在物流管理過程中,要結(jié)合煤炭所具有的“大宗散貨”的基本特點(diǎn),充分利用能夠有效調(diào)動(dòng)的運(yùn)力資源,在高效配送的同時(shí),降低自身的運(yùn)輸倉儲(chǔ)成本。同時(shí),要提高企業(yè)產(chǎn)品的調(diào)配能力,以滿足多種客戶的不同層次需要。通過這種方式,提升企業(yè)運(yùn)輸效率,提高客戶服務(wù)體驗(yàn),才能夠更有效地進(jìn)行貨款回收,保障企業(yè)資金的快速周轉(zhuǎn)。
2.煤炭企業(yè)物流管理的不足
目前,一些煤炭企業(yè)在體制以及管理方式等方面還存在不少問題,直接影響到了煤炭物流工作的效率。建立完善的物流體系,對(duì)企業(yè)的物流鏈進(jìn)行優(yōu)化已經(jīng)成為確保煤炭企業(yè)銷售可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),也是未來煤炭銷售工作的必由途徑。當(dāng)前,我國煤炭企業(yè)的物流管理整體水平依然處于初級(jí)階段,整個(gè)物流的供應(yīng)體系還存在著不少需要完善的地方。
物流管理手段缺乏:要建立現(xiàn)代化的物流管理體系必須形成完整、完善的物流鏈條,同時(shí)還必須建立層次豐富的供應(yīng)管理體系。
運(yùn)力管理/調(diào)度混亂:產(chǎn)煤企業(yè)、用煤單位、運(yùn)輸企業(yè)缺少供求信息交流和運(yùn)輸調(diào)度平臺(tái),運(yùn)煤車輛不能限度發(fā)揮運(yùn)力。運(yùn)煤車輛繁多,車輛型號(hào)繁雜,分屬不同的運(yùn)輸單位,沒有有效的運(yùn)力管理,導(dǎo)致運(yùn)煤效率低下、混亂。
發(fā)運(yùn)/結(jié)算管理問題:煤炭的發(fā)運(yùn)、結(jié)算需要對(duì)磅單數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行科學(xué)高效的管理,磅房稱重?cái)?shù)據(jù)是財(cái)務(wù)結(jié)算的重要依據(jù)。在傳統(tǒng)的管理模式中,磅房稱重?cái)?shù)據(jù)、發(fā)運(yùn)開票、運(yùn)價(jià)管理、運(yùn)費(fèi)結(jié)算存在較多的不規(guī)范行為,導(dǎo)致發(fā)運(yùn)/結(jié)算管理困難。
物流在途管理缺失:煤炭運(yùn)輸過程中一個(gè)最棘手的問題,就是在運(yùn)輸途中可能出現(xiàn)跑冒滴漏現(xiàn)象以及摻假換貨現(xiàn)象,這種因物流在途監(jiān)管的缺失造成的情況,極大地?fù)p害了煤企的形象、信譽(yù),以及客戶的利益。
3.基于供應(yīng)鏈管理理念的煤炭物流管理
物流是煤炭運(yùn)輸?shù)闹匾h(huán)節(jié),應(yīng)該站在整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈效率的視角,彌補(bǔ)傳統(tǒng)的物流管理缺陷,對(duì)煤炭企業(yè)的物流管理體系進(jìn)行完善,將物流模塊的價(jià)值化。
煤炭物流信息化管理是目前及未來的趨勢。煤炭物流信息化管理將供應(yīng)鏈中具有相關(guān)性的企業(yè)的庫存、配送、倉儲(chǔ)、運(yùn)輸、銷售等各個(gè)功能模塊放在一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的信息平臺(tái),加強(qiáng)對(duì)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的維護(hù)及管理,保證物流信息的查詢、傳送等功能得到滿足,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)資金流、物流以及數(shù)據(jù)信息流的綜合管理。
通過供應(yīng)鏈平臺(tái)一體化的物流管理,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)煤炭運(yùn)輸?shù)慕y(tǒng)一調(diào)度、統(tǒng)一管理、統(tǒng)一結(jié)算。
運(yùn)力管理方面,需要對(duì)于采購進(jìn)廠卸貨車輛、銷售進(jìn)廠提貨車輛,對(duì)車輛、司機(jī)、押運(yùn)員信息進(jìn)行資質(zhì)審核。供應(yīng)鏈平臺(tái)一體化的物流管理對(duì)司機(jī)身份證件信息、車輛資質(zhì)證件信息實(shí)時(shí)在線審核,對(duì)資質(zhì)不合格運(yùn)力可進(jìn)行審核駁回;審核通過的車輛、司機(jī)信息,可同步給廠區(qū)磅房稱重系統(tǒng),與過磅稱重系統(tǒng)保持運(yùn)力信息一致。
調(diào)度管理方面,因煤炭運(yùn)輸存在客戶自提、廠區(qū)配送等多種運(yùn)輸形態(tài),因此調(diào)度組織、派車的會(huì)有廠區(qū)、供應(yīng)商、客戶都參與的情況,溝通方式也存在電話、微信等多種方式,效率低、運(yùn)輸管理困難,業(yè)務(wù)不可控。另外,大宗運(yùn)輸往往存在大批量派車、短距離循環(huán)運(yùn)輸情況,急需進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化管控來提升業(yè)務(wù)效率。供應(yīng)鏈平臺(tái)一體化的物流管理支持對(duì)采購廠區(qū)自提貨物的調(diào)度派車、對(duì)采購供應(yīng)商送貨的調(diào)度派車,對(duì)銷售客戶自提的調(diào)度派車,對(duì)銷售廠區(qū)配送的調(diào)度派車,可進(jìn)行批量派車、循環(huán)派車,解決運(yùn)輸車輛的調(diào)度管理問題。
發(fā)運(yùn)和結(jié)算方面,傳統(tǒng)的線下核對(duì)送貨單、提貨單,需反復(fù)與采購人員、銷售人員確認(rèn)及核實(shí)信息,作業(yè)效率不高,且存在單據(jù)偽造風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。供應(yīng)鏈平臺(tái)一體化的物流管理,在調(diào)度派車后生成對(duì)應(yīng)的電子送貨單、電子提貨單,門房通過系統(tǒng)校驗(yàn)比對(duì)無誤,方可放行進(jìn)廠,杜絕信息造假提升了貨物交接安全。平臺(tái)系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)關(guān)聯(lián)磅單信息,自動(dòng)匹配采購價(jià)格、銷售價(jià)格,生成采購提貨、銷售發(fā)貨金額,收貨自動(dòng)計(jì)算磅差、路損,并通過路損標(biāo)準(zhǔn),計(jì)算路損扣款金額,并支持在線對(duì)賬,生成對(duì)賬單,實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)結(jié)算。
另外,平臺(tái)可以綜合應(yīng)用衛(wèi)星跟蹤定位及數(shù)字封簽技術(shù),防止煤炭運(yùn)輸過程中的跑冒滴漏現(xiàn)象以及途中可能的摻假現(xiàn)象,有效把控煤炭運(yùn)輸過程,保障煤炭貨運(yùn)的品質(zhì)。同時(shí),在途可視化也為煤炭的在途運(yùn)輸安全保駕護(hù)航,對(duì)突發(fā)事件建立應(yīng)急處理機(jī)制。
物流作為供應(yīng)鏈管理中一個(gè)重要的影響因素,對(duì)整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈的效率提升、成本降低,有著至關(guān)重要的影響力。因此,物流也成為全面提升供應(yīng)鏈效率的重要突破口。對(duì)于運(yùn)輸成本占據(jù)極大比重的煤炭企業(yè)來說,供應(yīng)鏈運(yùn)輸管理更不容忽視。


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